Bioverse assesses the diagnostic power of a statistical exoplanet survey of the properties of nearby terrestrial exoplanets via direct imaging or transit spectroscopy. It combines Gaia-based stellar samples with Kepler-derived exoplanet demographics and a mission simulator that enables exploration of a variety of observing, follow-up, and characterization strategies. The code contains a versatile module for population-level hypothesis testing supporting trade studies and survey optimization. Bioverse supports direct imaging or transit missions, and its modularity makes it adaptable to any mission concept that makes measurements on a sample of exoplanets.