[ascl:2602.018]
Tails: Identify and localize comets in image data
Duev, Dmitry A.;
Bolin, Bryce T.;
Graham, Matthew J.;
Kelley, Michael S. P.;
Mahabal, Ashish;
Bellm, Eric C.;
Coughlin, Michael W.;
Dekany, Richard;
Helou, George;
Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.;
Masci, Frank J.;
Prince, Thomas A.;
Riddle, Reed;
Soumagnac, Maayane T.;
van der Walt, Stéfan J.
Tails identifies and localizes comets in image data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), a robotic optical sky survey, using deep-learning with a custom EfficientDet-based architecture. It detects comets in single images in near real time, rather than requiring multiple epochs as in traditional methods. In production, Tails achieves 99% recall, a false positive rate below 0.01%, and 1–2 pixel root mean square error in the predicted position.